Guide to Artificial Insemination in Cows

Overview

This guide outlines the step-by-step recto-vaginal artificial insemination (AI) technique in cattle, with best practices in hygiene, animal handling, semen preparation, and equipment use. It is designed for professional technicians aiming to achieve the highest conception rates.

Required Equipment (WTA Tech)

-AI Gun (Universal or 0.25 mL / 0.5 mL specific) WTA
-AI Sheaths (Compatible with straw size) WTA
-Sanitary Chemise (Disposable sheath cover) WTA
-Straw Cutter (Clean, precise cut) WTA
-Semen Thaw Unit (Digital, 35–37°C) WTA
-OB Sleeves (Gloves) WTA
-Waterproof Nylon Apron WTA
-Lubricant (Non-spermicidal)
-Paper Towels
-Clean Tweezers or Forceps
-Cow Identification Records

Step-by-Step Procedure

  1. Preparation & Animal Handling

    -Restrain cow in a chute with side access.
    -Check cow ID and verify heat stage (ideal: 12–18 hours after standing heat).
    -Perform a health check: Body Condition Score 2.5–3.5, no abnormal discharge.
    -Clean the vulva and perineal area with clean water and dry towels. 
    -Wear an OB sleeve and apply lubricant to rectal arm.
    -Wear a waterproof apron to protect clothing. 

  2. Semen Thawing

    -Retrieve straw from nitrogen tank, using pre-chilled forceps.
    -Immediately place straw in a thaw unit at 35–37°C for 30–45 seconds.
    -Gently dry straw with a clean paper towel.
    -Avoid contact with fingers to prevent thermal shock.

  3. AI Gun Loading

    -Shake straw to mix contents.
    -Cut sealed end with a WTA Straw Cutter.
    -Load straw into AI gun.
    -Slide AI sheath over gun and lock.
    -Cover with sanitary chemise for hygiene.
    -Keep loaded gun warm (inside clothing) until insemination.

  4. Insemination Technique (Recto-Vaginal)

    -Insert lubricated gloved arm into rectum to locate and stabilize cervix.
    -Guide AI gun into vulva at a 45° upward angle until chemise reaches anterior vagina.
    -Remove sanitary chemise.
    -Gently pass gun through cervical rings (usually 3–4).
    -When tip reaches uterine body, depress plunger slowly over 5 seconds.
    -Hold position briefly, then withdraw gently.
    -Record insemination details (date, straw ID, animal ID).

  5. Post-Insemination Care

    -Allow cow to relax and monitor quietly.
    -Clean vulva if needed.
    -Mark cow (tailhead chalk, paint) for heat return monitoring.
    -Observe for signs of repeat heat at 18–24 days post-insemination.

Additional Best Practices

Semen Handling
Always keep semen below −130°C. Thaw one or two straws at a time. Use clean, pre-warmed tweezers. Replace thaw water daily.

Sanitation
Use a new palpation sleeve and chemise per cow. Disinfect AI gun after each use with a non-spermicidal solution.

Timing
12–18 hours post-standing heat is ideal. Follow hormonal protocol schedules exactly in timed AI programs.

Cow Health
Ensure cows are cycling and in good body condition. Delay insemination in cows with uterine infections.

Environment
In cold weather (<15°C), keep loaded gun inside clothing. Avoid direct sun on semen or loaded guns.

Double Loading
Avoid loading more than one straw unless protocol specifies (e.g., sexed semen).

Training & Records
Attend refresher training yearly. Practice on reproductive tracts. Keep detailed records of each insemination.

Conclusion
This guide provides the professional framework to perform high-success AI in cattle using the recto-vaginal technique. With proper handling, hygiene, and timing, conception rates can be significantly improved. Always use quality tools and follow a consistent protocol.

Disclaimer: Even though this guide is comprehensive, artificial insemination requires hands-on practice and ideally supervision by an experienced technician before attempting solo procedures. Reading alone does not guarantee skill mastery.

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